內(nèi)容: With the increasing demand for high quality food products, there is a growing interest in functional foods and nutritional supplements, and edible flowers are widely consumed due to their health benefits. Since Yunnan (China) is the “flower kingdom” and most of them have a variety of ethnological applications, it is essential to take advantage of the rich resources to explore the bioactive potential of edible flowers and develop various types of nutritional and functional foods to meet people’s nutritional needs. This paper presents a comprehensive review of edible flowers in Yunnan with the most ethnically distinctive and biologically active flowers as representatives. Among them, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, and coumarins are the major chemical constituents. They showed diverse pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, and hypoglycemic, and the mechanisms presented the characteristics of multi-target of the active ingredients. This paper aimed to provide a sound scientific basis for the development and utilization of edible flowers in Yunnan.

內(nèi)容: Biological control is one of the most promising alternatives to synthetic fungicides which are currently widely applied to control postharvest diseases of fruits. As a potential antagonistic yeast, the Pichia membranifaciens is proposed for controlling postharvest disease, the usefulness of P. membranifaciens is discussed and multiple examples are given. The combination of P. membranifaciens with other methods to improve its activity and efficacy is discussed. This paper provides an overview of the mechanisms of P. membranifaciens, including secretion of extracellular metabolites; inhibition of pathogen growth, and inducting host resistance. Some problems have arisen in the application of P. membranifaciens, we have summarized these issues and hope to provide some reference for the commercial application of P. membranifaciens.

內(nèi)容: The objective of the present study is to examine how different concentrations of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) coating (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0%, and 12.5%) affect the quality of lemons during storage at (27 ± 2) °C, with the aim of extending their shelf life. Lemons are known for being a rich source of citric acid, ascorbic acid, and dietary fiber. During the study, the coated lemons were regularly assessed for various parameters such as weight loss, respiration rate, firmness, decay incidence, total soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid, and juice content. The results revealed that lemons coated with 10.0% and 12.5% concentrations of PVAc exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) impact in reducing the respiration rate, ethylene production rate, weight loss, and maintaining firmness compared to the control sample. Furthermore, the study also investigated the potential acute toxicological and histological effects of the PVAc (12.5%) coated sample on mice. The results indicated that there were no harmful or lethal effects observed in the experimental mice. Therefore, the PVAc coating at concentrations of 10.0% and 12.5% proves to be beneficial in preserving the natural color of lemons and minimizing senescence during storage at (27 ± 2) °C.

內(nèi)容: Winter jujube was irradiated with 0.5 kGy electron beam (EB) and stored at 0 °C for 60 days. The quality of winter jujube was analyzed every 10 days to explore the effect of EB on antioxidant activity of winter jujube. Results indicated that 0.5 kGy EB reduced the decay rate of winter jujube (25.95% on the 60th day), maintained the hardness and cell membrane integrity, delayed the changes of total soluble solids (TSS) and ascorbic acid (AA) contents, moreover maintained high contents of total phenols (TPC) and flavonoids. Furthermore, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased, and the scavenging ability of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) cation radicals and the ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) increased. Research demonstrated the potential of EB in the preservation of winter jujube and provided important information for the application of irradiation technology.

內(nèi)容: In this work, a fascinating nanocomposite based on manganese-cobalt sulfide (MnS/Co3S4) wrapped by electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) has been successfully synthesized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by a facile hydrothermal assisted electrochemical reduction method. The modified electrode was fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The morphological results illustrate that MnS/Co3S4 are embedded in the ERGO layers, resulting in a rough surface and three-dimensional (3D) microstructure. The as-synthesized MnS/Co3S4-ERGO/GCE displays distinctly enhanced electrocatalytic activity for vanillin oxidation in comparison with that of the ERGO/GCE and MnS/Co3S4/GCE. Therefore, the MnS/Co3S4-ERGO/GCE can be used as an effective electrochemical sensing platform for the sensitive determination of vanillin, and the fabricated sensor displays a wide linear range of 0.02?1.00 mmol/L and 1.0?40.0 mmol/L, low detection limit of 4.0 nmol/L and satisfactory recoveries between 98.0% and 102.8%.

內(nèi)容: Present study introduced a controlled freezing-point storage (CFPS) technique for the postharvest storage of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Miyagawa Wase), with the environment temperature of ?2 °C during the whole storage period. The postharvest loss and quality changes of satsuma mandarin were investigated. According to the results, CFPS completely prevented fruit decay in the 90 days storage and the following shelf period without causing fruit chilling injury. In comparison, the decay rate of fruit stored at 10 °C increased with the elongation of storage time, and reach to 6.67% after 90 days storage, then further increased to 33.33% after transferring to the shelf. CFPS significantly reduced the incidences of calyx browning, completely prevented fruit puffing, alleviated the decreases of citric acid, fructose and glucose in the long-term storage and the following shelf life of satsuma mandarin, compared with the 10 °C storage. But CFPS alleviated the postharvest rind color development of satsuma mandarin, leading to paler rind color compared to the 10 °C storage group. Both 10 °C storage and CFPS group showed significant decrease of total aroma volatiles contents in the pulp after more than two months’ storage. But most of the volatiles, including all of the monoterpenes and aliphatic alcohols, as well as part of the monoterpenes derivatives and aliphatic aldehydes, rebound after being transferred to the 20 °C shelf, with the extent much higher in 10 °C storage group than that in CFPS group. In the shelf-life, the total volatile content of the 10 °C storage group was about 2 fold that of the newly-harvested fruit, but the volatiles of the CFPS group were more similar to the newly-harvested fruit in content and composition. Correspondingly, the consumer’s sensory evaluation results showed that the fruit of CFPS group was slightly sourer and with better typical mandarin flavor than those stored at 10 °C. Comprehensively, CFPS was applicable in reducing the postharvest loss and alleviating quality deterioration in the long-term storage of satsuma mandarin.

內(nèi)容: Mulberry is rich in bioactive substances, which might undergo biotransformation through microbial fermentation, and therefore show great prospect in improving the bioavailability of these substances. We studied the differential metabolites in mulberry juices fermented by Pichia kudriavzevii S1 and Weissella confusa L1 alone or in combination. The sensory analysis using electronic nose and electronic tongue showed that fermentation caused higher response value of aromatic components, reduced bitterness and bitter aftertaste of the juices. The differential metabolites of juices identified by non-targeted metabolomics showed that the contents of total anthocyanins, total flavonoids and total polyphenols in juices fermented by W. confusa and P. kudriavzevii increased by 13.34%, 43.75% and 9.40%, respectively. A total of 10 categories involving 111 kinds of key metabolites were identified in four different treatment groups. These metabolites were mostly involved in amino acid, flavonoid and anthocyanin metabolism pathways. This study might offer new pathways for improving the functional features of mulberry juices through microbial fermentation.

內(nèi)容: The low temperature is an effective method for postharvest fruits preservation. However, the ice crystal nucleation caused by low temperature significantly decreases the quality of fruits. In this paper, the effects of alternating magnetic field (AMF) on the ice nucleation temperature of grape were investigated, and the AMF continued treatment and AMF intermittent treatment (20 Gs, 60 Hz) assisted near-freezing temperature (AMCT/AMIT-NFT) were used to store grapes at (?2.5 ± 0.2) °C. Compared with the untreated group, AMF decreased the ice nucleation temperature of grape 1 °C. Meanwhile, Results demonstrated that AMCT/AMIT-NFT storage improved sensory properties and antioxidant capacity of grapes, with the overall effect of AMIT treatment being the most favorable. After 9 days of storage, the color difference and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of AMIT treatment were reduced by 17% and 12%, respectively, compared with the untreated group, and it effectively slowed down malonaldehyde (MDA) accumulation. These conclusions show that AMCT/AMIT-NFT storage is an effective tool for prolonging the shelf life of grapes.

內(nèi)容: Actinidia arguta is a type of kiwi fruit with a smooth glabrous shape, which provides high nutritional value, a sweet and sour taste, and excellent healthcare function. However, it is a typical climacteric fruit and decomposes quickly when stored. For delaying senescence, the effect of postharvest short-time partial dehydration (STPD) on the storage quality of A. arguta was investigated under dehydration rates of 2%, 4%, and 6% coupled with storage at (2.0 ± 0.5) °C, respectively. Results showed that appropriate dehydration treatment coupled with low temperature storage inhibited the pectinase activity and the decomposition of propectin, thus maintaining fruit firmness, reducing fruit decay rate, regulating the generation of abscisic acid delaying ethylene production, and decreasing the peak level of respiration rate. It also inhibited the reduction of total soluble solid, titratable acid, and vitamin C, maintains catalase and peroxidase activity. Based on the present study, the 4% dehydration treatment was the most effective, which extended the storage period up to 60 days and reduced the decay rate to 33%. In conclusion, it was revealed that STPD could be an effective method for retarding the losses that occurred in the fruit quality of A. arguta during cold storage.

內(nèi)容: A new electrolyzed water-CaCl2-HCl electrolyzed water (CHEW) was obtained by combining slightly acidic electrolyzed water and calcium. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of preharvest CHEW treatment on the quality during storage of broccoli sprouts. Preharvest CHEW treatment not only reduced the electrolyte leakage, reactive oxygen species, weight loss and the number of microorganisms during storage of broccoli sprouts, but also slowed down the breakdown of cell structure and maintained color and textural properties of broccoli sprouts. Besides, preharvest CHEW treatment reduced the degradation of active substances in broccoli sprouts during storage. The contents of important bioactive compounds in broccoli sprouts-glucoraphanin and sulforaphane, along with the enzymatic activity and genes involved in glucosinolates metabolism have also been further investigated. On day 12 of storage, compared to preharvest tap water treatment, the contents of glucoraphanin and sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts with preharvest CHEW treatment increased by 63% and 128%, respectively. Meanwhile, the generation of offensive odors in broccoli sprouts during storage was also inhibited under preharvest CHEW treatment. In general, preharvest CHEW treatment maintained the good quality during storage and prolong the shelf life of broccoli sprouts, which provides a new perspective for postharvest preservation of broccoli sprouts.